A Study of Polysemy and Metaphor of Hausa Perception Verbs of Vision: A Cognitive Linguistics Approach
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper examines the polysemy and metaphor of Hausa perception verbs of vision from a cognitive semantics perspective, which is a sub-field of cognitive linguistics. The objective of the study is to identify how underlying polysemous extensions of the Hausa perception verbs trigger the conceptual metaphor of vision. In conducting the research, ethnographic research methods were employed in collecting the data for this study, while the conceptual polysemy model proposed by Ibarretxe-Antunano (1999) and the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) propounded by Lakoff and Jhonson (1980) were adopted as the theoretical framework of the research. The outcome of the study reveals that Hausa perception verbs of vision, when polysemously extended conceptually, encode an array of conceptual metaphors that conceptually denote mental activity and experience, social activity, and evidential experience. Finally, the result of the study establishes a relationship between perception and cognition.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License Terms
All articles published by MARS Publishers are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. This means:
- everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles published in MARS Publishers' journals;
- everyone is free to re-use the published material if proper accreditation/citation of the original publication is given.
References
Almajir, T. S. (2011). The polysemy of body part terms in Hausa within the frame of image schemas. A Paper Presented at International Conference on The Body in Language: Lexicon, Metaphor, Grammar and Culture Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Warsaw, Poland.
Anderson, L. B. (1986). Evidentials, Paths of Change, and Mental Maps: Typologically Regular Asymmetries’. Journal of Language Studies, 12(5).
Breal, (1991, 1887). The Beginnings of Semantics. Essays, Lectures and Reviews. Edited and Translated by Wolf, G. Oxford: Duckworth. pp 145-151.
Brugman, C. (1988). The Story of Over: Polysemy, Semantics and the Structure of the Lexicon. An Unpublished M.A Dissertation University of California, Berkeley.
Basilio, M. (2009). The role of metonymy in word formation: Brazilian, Portuguese agent noun construction. In Panther, K., Thornburg, L. L. and Barcelona, A. (ed). Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 99-210.
Batic, G. C. (2006). Towards a Hausa Metaphorical Lexicon: Body Part Nouns. Aion. 66, pp. 17 – 45.
Cresswell, J.W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. (3rd Edition). Thousand Qaks: Sage Publications.
Cuyckens, H., & Zawada, B. E. (1997). Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gachugi, F. G. (2018). Conceptual Metaphors and Perception Verbs in GiKuYu. In International Journal of Linguistics. Vol. 10, No. 6.
Grady, J. E. (1997). Foundations of Meaning: Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes. An Unpublished PhD Dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
Evans, V., & Green, M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Heine et al., (1991). Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Pres.
Horie, K. (1993). A Cross-Linguistic Study of Perception and Cognition Verb Complements: A Cognitive Perspective. An Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Southern California.
Ibarretxe-Antunano, I. (1999). Polysemy and Metaphor in Perception Verbs: A Cross-Linguistic Study. An Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh.
Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, 1. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Langacker, R. (1991). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, 2. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lehrer, A. (2003). Polysemy in Derivational Affixes. In Nerlich et al (ed). Trends in Linguistics. Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 217-232.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mastusz, L. (2020). I will see it done: metonymic extensions of the verb see in English. In Crossroads: Journal of English Studies, 31(4).
Newman, P. (2000). The Hausa Language: An Encyclopedic Reference Grammar. Yale: Yale University Press.
Palmer, F. R. (1981). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Panther, K., & Thonbourg, L. L. (2003). The roles of metaphor and metonymy in English –er nominals. In Dirven, R & Porings, R. (eds). Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 279-320.
Sweetser, E. (1990). From Etymology to Pragmatics. A Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, J. R. (1995). Linguistic Categorization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Viberg, A. (1984). The verbs of perception: a typological study. In Butterworth, B., Comrie, B. & Dahl, O. (Eds). Explanations for Language Universals. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.