The Relationship between Fear of Making Mistakes and Self-Confidence Level in Language Learning: A Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53057/linfo/2024.6.1.7Keywords:
self-confidence, fear of making mistakes, individual differences, language learning, emotionsAbstract
In parallel with recent developments, today it is obvious that the investigation of emotional factors shows a gradual increase in terms of language learning. Therefore, this review identifies the connection between fear of making mistakes and self-confidence levels in order to delineate the literature. Moreover, probable solutions are demonstrated with the intense emphasis on details of the issue. Taking the individual differences into consideration, the paper discusses and reviews the studies through the lens of underlying reasons that can be revealed with the sources ranging from classroom contexts to possible interactional opportunities that trigger the fear of mistakes and self-confidence levels. This review article contributes to the theories and gives additional evidence for further development in accordance with the present literature while also providing the theoretical portrait of a better and ideal language learning journey through the necessary steps that need to be taken.
Downloads
References
Arabski, J., & Wojtaszek, A. (2011). Individual learner differences in SLA. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Arnold, J. (2000). Affect in Language Learning. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Aydin, Selami. (2008). An investigation on the language anxiety and fear of negative evaluation among Turkish EFL Learners. Asian EFL Journal. 30.
Ayers, H., & Gray, F. (2006). An A to Z Practical Guide to Learning Difficulties (1st ed.). David Fulton Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203064214
Babu, Ramesh, (2010), Teaching Spoken English for Non-native Students: Problems, Solutions and Techniques.
Bao, Y. and Liu, S. (2021) The Influence of Affective Factors in Second Language Acquisition on Foreign Language Teaching. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 463-470. doi: 10.4236/jss.2021.93030.
Bassett, L. (1985). Attacking Anxiety and Depression. a Self-help, Self-awareness Program for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. Midwest Center for Stress and Anxiety, Incorporated.
Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Lang. Learn. 1, 153–161. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00115.x
Daly, J., Mccroskey, J., Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Ayres, D. (1997) Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension (2nd ed.). Cresskill, N.J : Hampton Press,.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). Psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mulwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Dornyei, Z., & Scott, M. L. (1997). Communication Strategies in a Second Language: Definitions and Taxonomies. Language Learning, 47, 173-210.
Eharman, M. (1996). Understanding second language learning difficulties. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ellis, R. (2004). Individual differences in second language learning. The handbook of applied linguistics, 525-551.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am. Psychol. 56, 218. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 359, 1367-1377.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2013a). Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1-53. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Gregersen, T., & Horwitz, E. K. (2002). Language Learning and Perfectionism: Anxious and Non-Anxious Learners’ Reactions to Their Own Oral Performance. Modern Language Journal, 86, 562-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-4781.00161
Hashemi, M. (2011). Language stress and anxiety among the English language learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1811-1816.
Henter, Ramona. (2014). Affective Factors Involved in Learning a Foreign Language. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 127. 373-378. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.274.
Horwitz, E. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual review of applied linguistics, 21(1), 112-126.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., and Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Lang. J. 2, 125–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x
Hu, Ling & Wang, Na. (2014). Anxiety in Foreign Language Learning. 10.2991/gecss-14.2014.31.
Kidd, E., Donnelly, S., & Christiansen, M. H. (2018). Individual differences in language acquisition and processing. Trends in cognitive sciences, 22(2), 154-169.
Kleinginna, P. R. Jr., and Kleinginna, A. M. (1981). A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition. Motiv. Emot. 5, 345–379. doi: 10.1007/BF00992553
Laela Adamson (2022) Fear and shame: students’ experiences in English-medium secondary classrooms in Tanzania, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, DOI: 10.1080/01434632.2022.2093357
Lake, J. (2013). “Positive L2 self: linking positive psychology with L2 motivation” in Language learning motivation in Japan. eds. M. Apple, D. Da Silva and T. Fellner (Bristol: Multilingual Matters), 225–244.
Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lozanov, Georgi. (1978). Suggestology and outlines of suggestopedy. New York : Gordon and Breach
MacIntyre, P.D., & Gardner, R.C. (1989). Anxiety and second language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39, 251-275.
Matsuda, Sae & Gobel, Peter. (2004). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. System. 32. 21-36. 10.1016/j.system.2003.08.002.
Middleton, Frank, (2009), Overcome Your Fear Of Speaking Foreign Languages. Mistakes Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 6(2), 163-175.
Mutluer S (2006). The role of moral values in forming self-confidence. Graduate thesis. Ankara University, Social Sciences Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
Ni, H. (2012). The Effects of Affective Factors in SLA and Pedagogical Implications. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2, 1508-1513.
Noguchi, J. (2015). “I’m a SALCer”: Influences of identity on fear of making. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal
Oxford, R. L. (2016). “Toward a psychology of well-being for language learners: the “EMPATHICS” vision” in Positive psychology in SLA. eds. P. D. MacIntyre, T. Gregersen and S. Mercer (England: Multilingual Matters Bristol), 10–87.
Pop-Păcurar, I.(2016). Is the fear of ‘ being wrong ’ a barrier for effective communication between students and professors?. Acta Didactiva Napocensia Journal
Rahimi, A., & Bigdeli, R. A. (2014). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in second language learning. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 159, 795-801.
Rubio, R. A. (2007). Self esteem and foreign language learning. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 15 Angerton Gardens, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Schwartz, S. H. (2005). Basic human values: An overview.
Schwartz, S. H., & Tessler, R. C. (1972). A test of a model for reducing measured attitude-behavior discrepancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033365
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Essex: Pearson Education Limited
Urwat, Muhammad Salman & Nadeem, Muhammad & Zafar, Mohammad & Khan, Raza. (2022). Why Do University Students in Pakistan Confront Problems In Spoken English?. Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science. 35. 40-49. 10.9734/JESBS/2022/v35i830447.
Ushioda, E. (2015). Context and complex dynamic systems theory. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 47–54). Bristol: Multilingual Matters
vHakim, B. M. (2019). A study of language anxiety among English language learners in Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume, 10.
Young, D. (1991) Creating a Low- Anxiety Classroom Environment: What Does Language Anxiety Research Suggest? The Modern Language Journal, ,75, 426- 439
Young, D. (1999) Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low anxiety classroom atmosphere. Boston: McGraw- Hill.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Yigit Salihoglu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License Terms
All articles published by MARS Publishers are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. This means:
- everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles published in MARS Publishers' journals;
- everyone is free to re-use the published material if proper accreditation/citation of the original publication is given.